Tinnitus is a sound perceived in the ear without any external sound source. It has a prevalence rate of around 15%, meaning that anyone may experience tinnitus at some point in their life.
The causes of tinnitus are generally divided into two types:

1. Objective tinnitus — a type of tinnitus that can be heard by others as well.
   The cause is usually related to musculoskeletal or vascular disorders.

2. Subjective tinnitus — a type of tinnitus that can only be heard by the patient.
   The causes include diseases of the outer, middle, or inner ear, auditory nerve pathway disorders, and brain membrane diseases.

An otolaryngologist (ENT specialist) will perform a thorough examination of the ears, nose, head, and neck, along with hearing tests, brainwave tests, ultrasound imaging of intracranial and extracranial blood vessels, and blood tests to identify the underlying cause.
Studies show that approximately 90% of patients with tinnitus also experience some degree of hearing loss. This type of tinnitus is often associated with systemic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, thyroid disorders, and hyperlipidemia. Once these conditions are properly managed, tinnitus symptoms often improve as well.

Another common cause is neurological tinnitus, which originates from the inner ear or auditory nerve degeneration. Neurological causes include head trauma, certain medications or chemicals, prolonged noise exposure, sudden deafness, Ménière’s disease, and aging.

However, some patients with normal hearing and no structural abnormalities may still experience tinnitus due to factors such as insomnia, stress, irregular work–rest patterns, or common colds. These conditions can cause tension in the brain’s reticular formation and limbic system.
If tinnitus persists for more than five minutes at a time, occurs more than once a week, or is noticeable even in noisy environments, it may be a warning sign of an underlying health issue. In such cases, it is essential to consult a doctor for proper evaluation and diagnosis.